7 Types of Jeepney Passengers You Don't Want to Ride With

I've been riding a jeepney all my life. Most people do. I prefer it over a bus if the distance is just within the Metro (I can reconsider if the bus is air conditioned). Yes, it's not the best form of transportation there is but it's the most accessible and most reliable nevertheless. If MRT or LRT won't be available on most major thoroughfares anytime soon, I guess mamang driver and I will be having more quality times together.

Typical jeepneys, the most popular mode of public transportation
in the the Philippines
(Photo courtesy of Wikipedia)

How Does Poverty Affect the Literacy Rate of Filipinos?

This is a short term paper on the topic of poverty and its effects in the quality of education and literacy in the Philippines as part of my requirements in Reading Course subject for my Masters in English, Major in Applied Linguistics degree.

I. Introduction

The question of literacy always comes to mind when talking about social and economic standing, both on a personal and national level.  Stereotyping leads to an erroneous notion that developing countries (also called third-world countries) have illiterate citizens and poor families have illiterate family members. Although poverty does affect literacy on all aspects, it does not solely decide the outcome and quality of education people get as seen in the statistics of developing countries, such as the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia in comparison to the standing of developed countries (also called first-world countries). When it comes to the reading ability of adult citizens, the country is even considerably at par with other first-world nations, such as Australia, Singapore, and Hong Kong.